Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comprehensive Study of Challenges, Solutions and Future Directions.
Keywords:
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), Energy Efficiency, Security, Machine Learning, IoT, Smart Environments, Routing Protocol, Network LifetimeAbstract
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as a transformative technology enabling real-time monitoring and data collection in a wide array of domains, including environmental sensing, industrial automation, healthcare, and smart cities. Despite their immense potential, WSNs face significant challenges related to energy efficiency, scalability, security, and data reliability due to their resource-constrained and decentralized nature. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of WSNs, identifying key challenges and research gaps. A research methodology is proposed to enhance the energy efficiency and security of WSNs through an optimized, machine learning-driven routing protocol. The proposed work aims to improve network longevity and resilience while ensuring secure data transmission. Future scope includes the integration of WSNs with 6G, AI, and edge computing technologies for smarter, adaptive networks.
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