A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTORAL PERFORMANCE OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS PARTY IN 1991 TO 2004 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS
Keywords:
Indian National, 1991 to 2004 Parliamentary ElectionsAbstract
The purpose of the present study was analyzing the electoral performance of the Indian National Congress for India as a whole in the parliamentary elections held between 1991 to 2004. The analysis was carried out at the level of parliamentary constituency for all the 543 constituencies. The electoral performance of the Indian National Congress has been carried out at the regional level. For the purpose, India has been divided into Hindi Speaking states (Bihar, Haryana, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chandigarh and Delhi), North Indian states (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal, Daman and Diu, and Dadra and Nagar Haveli and the above mentioned Hindi-Speaking states) and South Indian states (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andaman and Nicobar Island, Lakshadweep and Pondicherry). This study shows the electoral performance of the Congress in terms of seats contested, percent vote polled and seats won in the above-mentioned elections
References
Amani, K.Z. (1970), “Elections in Haryana (India): A Study of Electoral Geography”, The
Geographer, Vol. 17, pp. 27-40.
Anderson, Walteh, K. (1991), “India’s 1991 Elections: The Uncertain Verdict,” Asian Survey,
Vol. XXXI, pp. 976-989.
Baxter, Craig et al. (1980), Government and Politics in South Asia, Lahore: Vanguard Book
(Pvt.) Ltd.
Bhambhri, C.P. (1991), Elections: An Analysis, Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation.
Brass, P.R. and Robinson, F. (eds.) (1987), Indian National Congress and India Society:
-1985, Ideology, Social Structure and Political Dominance, Delhi: Chanakya Publications.
Busted, M.A. (1975), Geography and Voting Behaviour, London: Oxford University Press.
Dikshit, S.K. (1993), Electoral Geography of India, Varanasi” Vishwavidyalaya Prakashan.
Due, B.D. (1987), “Indian Congress Dominance Revised”, in Paul R. Brass and F. Robinson
(eds.), Indian National Congress: 1885-1985, Delhi: Chanakyapuri.
Election Commission of India, Statistical Report on General Elections 1991 to 2004,
New Delhi, Nirvachan Sadan.
Gautam, O. P. (1985), The Indian National Congress; An Analytical Biography, Delhi: B.R.
Publishing Corporation.
Gupta, R.L. (1985), Electoral Politics in India, New Delhi: Discovery Publication House.
Hartmann, H. (1971), Political Politics in India, Meerut: Meenakshi Prakashan.
Jha, S.C. (1989). Indian Party Politics, New Delhi: Deep and Deep Publications.
Malik, Yogendra K. (1988), “Political Parties”, in Baxter et al. (eds.), Government and Politics in South Asia, Lahore: Vanguard Publications, pp. 100-118.
Manor, J. (1988), “Parties and the Party System”, in A. Kohli (ed.) India’s Democracy: An
Analysis of Changing State – Society Relations, Delhi: Orient Longman, pp. 62-98.
Misra, B.B. (1988), Congress Party and Government: Policy and Performance, New Delhi:
Concept Publishing Company.
Nuna, Sheel C. (1989), Spatial Fragmentation of Political Behaviour in India, New Delhi:
Concept Publishing Company.
Sadasivan, S.N. (1977), Party and Democracy in India, New Delhi: McGraw-Hill Publishing
Company.
Taylor, P.J. and Johnston, R.J. (1979), Geography of Elections, London: Croom Helm.
