From Kirana to Malls: The Growth of Organised Retail in India

Abstract

Retailing in India has undergone a significant transformation over the past decade. While traditional kirana stores continue to dominate the sector, modern retail formats have emerged, bringing new challenges and opportunities. The growth of organized retail has been driven by factors such as rising disposable incomes, urbanization, technological advancements, and government policy changes. However, regulatory restrictions, supply chain inefficiencies, and high operational costs have impeded its expansion. This paper explores the evolution of the Indian retail sector analzing the impact of FDI, taxation, infrastructure development, and consumer behaviour. The study also examines the challenges faced by modern retail, including competition from kirana stores and regulatory barriers.